Diabetes Studies

Here are Studies specifically on the effects of diets on Diabetes (particularly low carbohydrate diets).

• Laura R Saslow, PhD, et.al. An Online Intervention Comparing a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Versus a Plate Method Diet in Overweight Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Feb; 19(2): e36.
• Guenther Boden. (2005). Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Appetite, Blood Glucose Levels, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2005; 142(6):403-411.
• Mary C. Gannon and Frank Q. Nuttall. Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2004 Sep; 53(9): 2375-2382.
• Jørgen Vesti, Nielsen, Eva Joensson. Low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes. Stable improvement of bodyweight and glycemic control during 22 months follow-up. Nutrition & Metabolism, December 2006, 3:22.
• Diabetes Care 2002 Apr; 25(4): 652-657. Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Containing Increased Protein on Weight Loss, Resting Energy Expenditure, and the Thermic Effect of Feeding in Type 2 Diabetes. N.D. Luscombe, BSC HON1, P.M. Clifton, MD2, M. Noakes, MSC, PHD2, B. Parker, BSC HON1 and G. Wittert, MD.
• JAMA. 1994. Effects of Varying Carbohydrate Content of Diet in Patients With Non—Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Abhimanyu Garg, MBBS, MD; John P. Bantle, MD; Robert R. Henry, MD; et al Ann M. Coulston, RD; Kay A. Griver, RD; Susan K. Raatz, MS, RD; Linda Brinkley, RD; Y-D. Ida Chen, PhD; Scott M. Grundy, MD, PhD; Beverley A. Huet, MS; Gerald M. Reaven, MD.
• Lipids. 2009 Apr;44(4):297-309. Carbohydrate restriction has a more favorable impact on the metabolic syndrome than a low fat diet. Volek JS, Phinney SD, Forsythe CE, Quann EE, Wood RJ, Puglisi MJ, Kraemer WJ, Bibus DM, Fernandez ML, Feinman RD.
• J Clin Invest. 1936 Nov; 15(6): 665–671. The Glycemic Response to Isoglucogenic Quantities of Protein and Carbohydrate. Jerome W. Conn and L. H. Newburgh.
• N Engl J Med 1988; 319:829-834. Comparison of a High-Carbohydrate Diet with a High-Monounsaturated-Fat Diet in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Abhimanyu Garg, M.B., B.S., M.D., Andrea Bonanome, M.D., Scott M. Grundy, M.D., Ph.D., Zu-Jun Zhang, M.D., and Roger H. Unger, M.D.
• Metabolism. Volume 41, Issue 12, December 1992, Pages 1373-1378 Metabolism. A high-monounsaturated-fat/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. M. Parillo, A.A. Rivellese, A.V. Ciardullo, B. Capaldo, A. Giacco, S. Genovese, G. Riccardi.
• The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 1040–1047, Effect of Protein Ingestion on the Glucose Appearance Rate in People with Type 2 Diabetes. M. C. Gannon J. A. Nuttall G. Damberg V. Gupta F. Q. Nuttall.
• Obesity (2016) 24, 79–86. Weight Loss on Low-Fat vs. Low-Carbohydrate Diets by Insulin Resistance Status Among Overweight Adults and Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Christopher D. Gardner, Lisa C. Offringa, Jennifer C. Hartle, Kris Kapphahn, and Rise Cherin.
• Bonnie J. Brehm, Randy J. Seeley, Stephen R. Daniels, David A. D’Alessio. A Randomized Trial Comparing a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet and a Calorie-Restricted Low Fat Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 88, Issue 4, 1 April 2003, Pages 1617–1623.
• Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006 Jan 11;3:7. Comparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk. Noakes M, Foster PR, Keogh JB, James AP, Mamo JC, Clifton PM.
• Jeannie Tay B Nutr Diet (Hons), Grant  D. Brinkworth PhD, Manny Noakes PhD, Jennifer Keogh M Sc, Peter M. Clifton PhD. Metabolic Effects of Weight Loss on a Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diet Compared With an Isocaloric High-Carbohydrate Diet in Abdominally Obese Subjects. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 51, Issue 1, 1–8 January 2008, Pages 59-67.
• JAMA. 1994 May 11;271(18):1421-8. Effects of varying carbohydrate content of diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Garg A, Bantle JP, Henry RR, Coulston AM, Griver KA, Raatz SK, Brinkley L, Chen YD, Grundy SM, Huet BA, et al.
• Nutrition & Metabolism2004 1:6. Metabolic response of people with type 2 diabetes to a high protein diet. Frank Q Nuttall, Mary C Gannon.
• Obes Facts. 2017 Jul; 10(3): 238–251. Effect of a High-Protein Diet versus Standard-Protein Diet on Weight Loss and Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ismael Campos-Nonato, Lucia Hernandez, and Simon Barquera.
• J Clin Invest. 1988 Feb; 81(2): 442–448. Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects. K S Polonsky, B D Given, and E Van Cauter.
• Nutrients. 2013 Jun; 5(6): 2019–2027. Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance. Pavankumar Patel* and Nicola Abate.
• Connor WE, Prince MJ, Ullmann D, et al. The hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in adult-onset diabetes without adverse glucose control. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;683:337–40.
• Fish Oil and Glycemic Control in Diabetes. DIABETES CARE, VOLUME 21, NUMBER 4, APRIL 1998. Frieberg, et.al.).
• Insulin Response to Glucose in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects. John D. Bagdade, Edwin L. Bierman, and Daniel Porte Jr. Journal of Clinical Investigation. October 1, 1967.

These are studies related to diabetes in general:

• Diabetes Care 1991 Mar; 14(3): 173-194. Insulin Resistance: A Multifaceted Syndrome Responsible for NIDDM, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Ralph A DeFronzo, MD and Eleuterio Ferrannini, MD.
• Diabetes 2017 Apr; 66(4): 815-822. Role of Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the San Antonio Metabolism Study. Amalia Gastaldelli, Melania Gaggini and Ralph A. DeFronzo.
• J Clin Invest. 2000;106(4):473-481. Obesity and insulin resistance. Barbara B. Kahn, Jeffrey S. Flier.
• Diabetes. 2000 Dec; 49(12): 2063–2069. Mechanism by Which Metformin Reduces Glucose Production in Type 2 Diabetes. Ripudaman S. Hundal, Martin Krssak, Sylvie Dufour, Didier Laurent, Vincent Lebon, Visvanathan Chandramouli, Silvio E. Inzucchi, William C. Schumann, Kitt F. Petersen, Bernard R. Landau, and Gerald I. Shulman.
• BMC Endocr Disord. 2016. Efficacy and safety of insulin in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.  Erpeldinger S, et al.
• Diabetes Care 1980 Mar; 3(2): 270-273. “Normal” Insulin Secretion: The Goal of Artificial Insulin Delivery Systems? R Philip Eaton, Richard C Allen, David S Schade and James C Standefer.
• Metabolism Volume 50, Issue 1, January 2001, Pages 47-52. Quantitative contributions of gluconeogenesis to glucose production during fasting in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alexandre Wajngot, Visvanathan Chandramouli, William  C. Schumann, Karin Ekberg, Paul K. Jones, Suad Efendic, Bernard R. Landau.
• Clin Sci (Lond). 2016 Jun 1;130(12):1017-25. Impaired glucose tolerance after brief heat exposure: a randomized crossover study in healthy young men. Faure C, Charlot K, Henri S, Hardy-Dessources MD, Hue O, Antoine-Jonville S.
• Appetite. 2010 Aug; 55(1): 37–43. Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Stephen D. Anton, Ph.D., Corby K. Martin, Ph.D., Hongmei Han, M.S., Sandra Coulon, B.A., William T. Cefalu, M.D., Paula Geiselman, Ph.D., and Donald A. Williamson, Ph.D.
• Diabetes Care 2004 Jan; 27(1): 281-282. Vinegar Improves Insulin Sensitivity to a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Subjects With Insulin Resistance or Type 2 Diabetes. Carol S. Johnston, PHD, Cindy M. Kim, MS and Amanda J. Buller, MS.
• Nutrients. 2013 May; 5(5): 1544–1560. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Its Connection with Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease. Melania Gaggini, Mariangela Morelli, Emma Buzzigoli, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Elisabetta Bugianesi, and Amalia Gastaldelli.
• Michelle C Venables, Carl J Hulston, Hannah R Cox, Asker E Jeukendrup; Green tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy humans, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 87, Issue 3, 1 March 2008, Pages 778–784.
• Br J Nutr. 2009 Mar;101(6):886-94. Effects of dietary supplementation with the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate on insulin resistance and associated metabolic risk factors: randomized controlled trial. Brown AL, Lane J, Coverly J, Stocks J, Jackson S, Stephen A, Bluck L, Coward A, Hendrickx H.
• Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(6):365-374. Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Usual Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Trial. Roy W. Beck, MD, PhD, et.al.
• Gisela Wilcox. Insulin and Insulin Resistance. Clin Biochem Rev. 2005 May; 26(2): 19–39.
• Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 8; 106(36): 15430–15435. Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity. Elisa Fabbrini,et.al.
• Erion, K.A. & Corkey, B.E. (2017). Hyperinsulinemia: a Cause of Obesity? Curr Obes Rep (2017) 6: 178.
• Shanik MH1, Xu Y, Skrha J, Dankner R, Zick Y, Roth J. (2008). Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: is hyperinsulinemia the cart or the horse? Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb;31 Suppl 2:S262-8.